Chemical And Bioprocess Control Solution Manual Riggs Pdf ePub. Download Chemical And Bioprocess Control Solution Manual Riggs Pdf in EPUB Format In the website you will find a large variety of ePub, PDF, Kindle, AudioBook, and books. Lot's of fun. Starscroll astrology download. BIOPROCESS PRINCIPLES Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in Engineering, technology, medicine and other fields requiring bioproducts. Biotechnology also utilizes these products for manufacturing purpose. Modern use of similar terms includes genetic engineering as well as cell and tissue culture technologies. The concept encompasses a wide range of procedures for modifying living organisms according to human purposes going back to domestication of animals, cultivation of plants, and 'improvements' to these through breeding programs that employ artificial selection and hybridization. Bioprocess Engineering is a specialization of Boitechnology, Chemical engineering and Agricultural Engineering. It deals with the design and development of equipment and processes for the manufacturing of products such as food as feed, pharmaceuticals, chemicals polymers and paper from biological materials.Bioprocees engineering is a combination of mathematics, biology and industrial design, and consists of various spectrums like designing of Fermentors, study of fermentors (mode of operations etc.).It also deals with studying various biotechnological processes used in industries for large scale production of biological product for optimization of yield in the end product and the quality of end product. Bio process engineering may include the work of mechanical, electrical and industrial engineers to apply principles of their disciplines to processes based on using living cells or sub component of such cells Bio processing is an essential part of many food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Bioprocess operations make use of microbial, animal and plant cells and components of cells such as enzymes to manufacture new products and destroy harmful wastes. Use of microorganisms to transform biological materials for production of fermented foods has its origins in antiquity. Since then, bioprocesses have been developed for an enormous range of commercial products, from relatively cheap materials such as industrial alcohol and organic solvents, to expensive specialty chemicals such as antibiotics, therapeutic proteins and vaccines. Industrially-useful enzymes and living cells such as bakers and brewers yeast are also commercial products of bio processing. Our ability to harness the capabilities of cells and enzymes has been closely related to advancements in microbiology, biochemistry and cell physiology. Knowledge in these areas is expanding rapidly; tools of modern biotechnology such as recombinant DNA, gene probes, cell fusion and tissue culture offer new opportunities to develop novel products or improve Bio processing methods. Visions of sophisticated medicines, cultured human tissues and organs, biochips for new-age computers, environmentally-compatible pesticides and powerful pollution-degrading microbes herald a revolution in the role of biology in industry. Biological systems can be complex and difficult to control; nevertheless, they obey the laws of chemistry and physics and are therefore amenable to engineering analysis. Engineering aspects are required in bioprocessing, including design and operation of bioreactors, sterilisers and product-recovery equipment, development of systems for process automation and control, and efficient and safe layout of fermentation factories. Steps in Bioprocess Development Manufacture of a new recombinant-DNA-derived product such as insulin, growth hormone or interferon is shown above Step-1-11: Genetic Manipulation of the host organism where a gene from animal DNA is cloned into Escherichia coil. Tools:Petri dishes, micropipettes, micro centrifuges, nano-or microgram quantities of restriction enzymes, and electrophoresis gels for DNA and protein fractionation.In terms of bioprocess development, parameters of major importance are stability of the constructed strains and level of expression of the desired product. Step-12: After cloning, the growth and production characteristics of the cells must be measured as a function of culture environment.Small-scale culture is mostly carried out using shake flasks of 250-ml to 1-1itre capacity. Medium composition, pH, temperature and other environmental conditions allowing optimal growth and productivity are determined. Calculated parameters such as cell growth rate, specific productivity and product yield are used to describe performance of the organism Step-13: Scale-up of the process The first stage may be a 1- or 2-1itre bench-top bioreactor equipped with instruments for measuring and adjusting temperature, pH, dissolved-oxygen concentration, stirrer speed and other process variables.Cultures can be more closely monitored in bioreactors than in shake flasks so better control over the process is possible. Information is collected about the oxygen requirements of the cells, their shear sensitivity, foaming characteristics and other parameters.The viability of the process as a commercial venture is of great interest; information about activity of the cells is used in further calculations to determine economic feasibility Step 14:scaled up again to a pilot-scale bioreactor Engineers trained in bio processing are normally involved in pilot-scale operations. A vessel of capacity 100-1000 litres is built according to specifications determined from the bench-scale prototype.Changing the size of the equipment seems relatively trivial; however, loss or variation of performance often occurs. Even though the geometry of the reactor, method of aeration and mixing, impeller design and other features may be similar in small and large fermenters, the effect on activity of cells can be great.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |